Jack Frost is just as most of the original stories would describe, a young boy with the ability to conjure up frost and manipulate the winter, with a spirit that embodies all that is wild and free. This particular boy awakens on a winter night, arising from the depths of cold, icy water, past thick, crackling sheets of ice in which his eyes struggle open from being frozen shut, letting out final visible breaths of white air. It is this night that Jack Frost, the unruly, troublesome winter spirit is born under the light of the full moon, which tells him his name—and only his name. It is on this night that he discovers the only things he will ever come to know for the next three hundred years—the power to create frost, the ability to ride the wind, and the nature of his invisibility, never being seen by any human being, instead being walked through as if he didn't exist at all. Cursed with this fate, being told nothing else by the moon, this is all that Jack takes and learns to make the most of for the next coming centuries.
Despite the circumstances, Jack attempts to conquer his disadvantages with the embodiment of fun, what he truly knows how to do best—his center, if you will. Ignoring things such as responsibilities or rules, he places all of his focus on the idea of making the most of any situation, even the most grave, and uses his abilities to bring out enjoyment, aiming for smiles and laughter. Using the power to create frost and snow, he takes greatest pleasure in producing snow days for children, tossing snow, loading the kids up with plenty of ammo for continuous wars of flying snowballs, and freezing roads to allow reckless sledding in the streets which always results in an undeniable joy being spread. Despite being unseen, Jack never hesitates in providing his support to produce a wide range of entertainment for young ones, even if at the end of the day, he fails to receive the credit for doing so.
It all stems from a past that he has no knowledge of, having lost all his memories of a past life when he awoke from the lake, in which he, as a boy of eighteen during the early eighteenth century, spent a majority of his time playing with his younger sister and other small children in his town. He was clearly the oldest of the crowd, yet Jack seemed to expend most of his energy in attempting to provide them with endless enjoyment ("Come on, Jack, you can't have fun all the time," spoken from his own mother, indicating that his ways were quite ritual). Climbing trees to play pranks, putting on silly shows with shadow puppets for entertainment, it's as though his purpose, even as a human, was for seeking out laughter and fun in people.
His vibrant nature isn't always appreciated by all, his Peter Pan complex stemming more towards being seen as "irresponsible" and "selfish", primarily indicated by Bunnymund's negative imagery towards the boy ("What's this clown know about bringing joy to children anyway?"). But as a boy frozen in his teen years, neglected by the moon, the only "parental figure" he's come to know, Jack responds as any boy his original age would, with a rebellious nature towards older, authority figures. There's immediate distrust and lack of interest, refusing to engage in anything that requires responsibilities and duty ("You're all hard work and deadlines, and I'm snowballs and fun times."), leading to constant defiance in order to stay true to what he truly believes to be important. He's no stranger to sarcasm either, preferring to engage in teasing banter to counter serious discussions.
But to say that Jack takes nothing serious in his life would be completely false as well. While he holds high records for his recklessness, he's proven time and time again of the strength in his protective nature over others, especially those smaller or more vulnerable than him. His troublesome nature creates hesitation within the Guardians into wondering about the degree that Jack actually cares for other people, but most often than not, he wouldn't abandon anyone if they are in need. Not only does he assist the other Guardians in their troubles against Pitch almost immediately, despite his own vocal unwillingness, but he demonstrates his instinctive care when he goes to various lengths to protect Baby Tooth, saving her from the grasps of the Nightmares and even sacrificing his staff, a very important item used to control his powers, to rescue her from Pitch.
These are actions that may heavily root from his time as a human, where he, as an older brother, made sure to care for his sister, using his talents of creating amusement as his primary technique for protectiveness. Even with the coming of endangerment, Jack will attempt to refrain from showcasing panic, continuing to seek out the fun to keep others from worrying, such as how he convinces his sister to play hopscotch over a frozen lake even as the ice begins to crack. The game saves her life, even if it results in his inevitable death. Three hundred years later, he continues his methods, realizing this strategy is the core that proves his qualifications as a Guardian, repeated with how he also protects Jamie against Pitch by distracting him with tossing snowballs and sledding across the town.
But even with his attempts to appear nonchalant and untroubled, Jack undoubtedly portrays extreme sensitivity over any cases of helplessness. It's heavily noted when Sandy is presumably dead and the winter spirit, rare tears building up in his eyes, mourns on his own, filled up with regret over not being able to stop Pitch before it was too late ("I just, I wish I could've done something."). It is a reminder of his believed uselessness, of three hundred years of standing to the side invisible to the world, never being able to do anything for anyone, remaining entirely alone. With still no words from the moon of his purpose, of why he exists, it is endlessly agonizing when his efforts either fail or turn the situation into something more dire, falling even further into misery when he fails at helping the Guardians restore Easter, causing them to lose their faith in him as well as destroying his own confidence to be capable of something more than what he is ("I make a mess of everything.").
All in all, Jack has a long time history of loneliness that powers his need to be accepted, despite making all attempts not to show it. Without so much as a companion or a friend, he often times speaks out loud to himself, or even engages in one-sided conversations with others, asking questions while making continuous efforts to become involved, with the hope that one day he could possibly be seen or heard and receive some sort of response. Having no knowledge of his previous life, having lost all of his memories from the time that he was human and how he saved his sister, Jack believes himself to have been born that night on the lake and constantly questions the Moon, the only one who's ever told him anything at all yet seemingly ignores him, with desperation on what he needs to do to get rid of that loneliness ("If there's something I'm doing wrong, can you, can you just tell me what it is? Because I've tried everything, and no one ever sees me."), often losing the hope that he ever cease to be invisible at all.
However, despite being unseen by humans, Jack has been capable of being seen by other spirits, notably the Guardians. Aware of this, like a rebellious teen who seeks attention, he's made his efforts to get noticed, even if, more often than not, it gets viewed as pure annoyance and peskiness. During his reunion with Bunnymund, the latter brings up, with agitation, the "Blizzard of '68", in which the winter spirit had shamelessly disrupted Easter. Yet, it can be noted that Jack looks upon the rabbit with excitement during this meeting, with a thrill in being able to speak with anyone, especially with the enjoyment he finds in exchanging teasing banter. It's also pointed out that he's made attempts to break into North's workshop in the past, even if he's never managed to "get past the yetis", a result of his curiosity and desires for company. Yet North was never even aware of Jack's attempts until he was told, revealing that not much attention was ever truly given to the boy even by the other spirits before he was chosen to be a Guardian.
It's inevitable for Jack to experience emotional hurt over being looked over and ignored, even more so when others constantly remind him of his flaws or remark about his fun-seeking attitude as something negative. But even so, Jack will continue to try to maintain that carefree, easygoing attitude against criticism, relying heavily on sarcasm and wit to counteract any actual pain he feels from the words ("Don't look at me, I'm invisible, remember?"). When Bunny comments on how it would be impossible for "that clown" to bring any joy to children, there's an obviously pained look from Jack that he immediately masks it with a smirk to pretend not to be affected by such opinions. However, the more he is pushed to the edge, the less he's able to suffice his containment with jokes, leaning more into letting out his frustrations in anger ("To spend eternity like you guys cooped up in some, some hideout thinking of, of new ways to bribe kids? No no, that's not for me.").
However, Jack never fully allows himself to break down when he's aching from his emotions. Whenever a situation begins to pick at his heart, breaking the barriers of a carefree exterior, he chooses to run away instead, retreating into the forest by himself when he first discovers he cannot be seen and flying out to the Antarctic when the Guardians begin to lose faith in him, he struggles on knowing how to approach his problems directly, facing constant issues of self doubt and lack of purpose. Instead of wallowing in self pity or depression for long, Jack attempts to avoid the sources of his problems by engaging in constant fun, playing with children or tossing snowballs to step away from reality, often times even momentarily forgetting the issues at hand (even after three hundred years, there's still surprise at being walked through).
Though he fights to avoid being honest about his feelings, Jack tends to still show his feelings through body language, with the crease of brows showing hurt or squinted eyes when angered, all visible even as he tries to conjure up a joke or retort to cover up his discomfort. Just as one may hide away when faced with sadness, Jack may pull up his hood to somehow try distancing himself from the issues that pain him. At the same time, excessive excitement is also something he fails to contain, although he makes no effort to hide these emotions, bouncing on the balls of his feet when making a new thrilling discovering or literally bouncing on walls when feeling joyous.
Much of his uncontrollable reactions come from lack of experience of dealing with others. From the moment that he is reborn on the night at the lake to meeting with all of the Guardians, Jack has very minimal interaction with anyone else, having few meetings with other spirits and never being able to engage in actual dialogue with humans. He does indeed get wiser over the course of time, paying very close attention to people's mannerisms, the formats in which they speak, and the like, but it becomes difficult to master anything without practice, leaving Jack on a continuous learning path in developing relationships with others. This primarily includes the use of physical contact, in which being invisible also contains the side effect of being completely walked through, preventing Jack from getting close at all to others since an attempt at touch would only be another reminder that he isn't believed in. Even when meeting with the Guardians, Jack keeps to his personal space, often times leaning away whenever either of them get too close, until he gradually becomes more accustomed to the casual touches. His first touch from a human, an unexpected hug from Jamie, prompts a wide range of shock from the embrace, along with a large sense of relief at the simple notion of being able to touch, proof that he's real and believed in.
And it is that fulfillment of interaction that Jack truly seeks and relishes in, true enjoyment coming from running or flying with others, playing with the snow, and being consumed with laughter. It is why he boils in anger when he discovers the Moon wishes for him to become a Guardian, despising that he's meant to join others in "bribing children" with material things like toys, eggs, and money, instead preferring the true joy to stem from natural play. When confronted with an actual child in front of their eyes, none of the Guardians seem to know how to distract her ("We are very busy bringing joy to children! We don't have time ... for children."), except for Jack who has spent so much time being surrounded by them, his own childlike innocence of seeking attention and joy proving the closest to understanding their needs.
-------- ( headcanon ) --------"Darkness. That's the first thing I remember. It was dark, and it was cold. And I was scared. But then ... then I saw the moon. It was so big and it was so bright, and it seemed to chase the darkness away. And when it did ... I wasn't scared anymore."
Jack may have a strong dislike, and even fear, towards the darkness. It is the very first memory of his life, a time when he had no recollection of his past and all he knew was black in which he was entirely alone and so unaware. He recounts being scared and it is highly likely that that fear never truly left him, because despite his attempts to stand up to Pitch, his defenses break down further when engulfed in the darkness, an immense amount of fear building up when encountering Pitch in his sanctum, higher than in any other occasion in the film. Even during their time in the Antarctic, Jack can notably be seen building up sympathy for Pitch's loneliness until he realizes that everything would in fact be "pitch black", covering the world with fear, the moment in which he immediately refuses the offer to join his enemy.
There is also greater loneliness during the night time, when the children are off to bed and he wanders on his own, with no one to entertain with his frost and magic. Looking upon the moon, at its brightest, it gives him too much time with his own thoughts, frustrated at what he needs to do to be seen. Yet when Sandy brings forth his dream sand through the sky, the bright glow of it seems to bring a sudden cheer towards his mood ("Right on time, Sandman."), which may support the idea that it chases away his sorrows in the darkness of the night.
While he doesn't truly fear it like the darkness, Jack may not in fact embrace the cold either. Being consumed by it, it has become all that he knows, all that he feels, yet it is the very thing that keeps him away from reaching for what he desires—human connection. As the winter spirit, he is prevented from being seen, from touching another, a curse that he didn't ask for without even knowing why he was created this way. Sometimes, he looks upon his own frost with spite, a reminder that it is the barrier that keeps away from others ("Sorry. All I can do is keep you cold.").